Executive functions (EFs) are the brain’s CEO. They are high order functional abilities that control cognition, emotion and behavior and enable effective performance in the different aspects of life. EFs include planning and organization, initiation, self-monitoring and self-regulation, emotional regulation and adaptation. In order for EFs to work, they need the fundamental support of specific cognitive processes of working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. Both executive functions and processes support performance, problem-solving, determination, perseverance and achievement through regulating and integrating thoughts, emotions and behaviors.
EFs form the main regulatory system that enables the development of psychological resources (e.g. resilience, self-efficacy, coping) and supports adaptive functioning and wellbeing. By developing and maintaining EFs, we can enhance performance and reduce the vulnerability to mental health difficulties.